The share prices of RBS and Lloyds have recovered sharply from their lows. The Government’s holding company, UK Financial Investments, has already shortlisted some investment banks to start placing its shares in the market. This is good news for the taxpayer and for those individuals who, through no fault of their own, found themselves shareholders of these banks via pension and index tracker funds. But it could also mean ‘the great escape’ for those fund managers and hedge funds that did nothing to stop the banks from hurtling towards disaster, as they were too busy enjoying the unfeasibly large returns on their capital.
In the past, capitalism imposed a harsh but necessary discipline. When a company became insolvent, shareholders lost everything. Lehman’s has changed the rules: no bank will ever again be allowed to go burst. Even if the value gets diluted to hell in the process, the original shareholders of an insolvent bank can rely on the authorities to make it a going concern again, keep its shares listed and push their price up so that the taxpayer makes a profit. The shareholders just have to wait patiently and piggy-back off the process. If the UK Government had followed the example of Malaysia, it might have avoided this moral hazard. More than 20 years ago, faced with exactly the same dilemma after a spate of bank failures, the Central Bank of Malaysia was required to apply for a reduction in the existing capital of a bank before injecting new funds. The High Court would cancel any portion of a bank’s paid-up capital that was lost or unrepresented by available assets.
The UK authorities have now acquired similar powers with the Banking Act 2009 but it would be unfair to impose a capital reduction on RBS or Lloyds now, as many investors have brought in since the crunch.
So the black horse has bolted, but it is not too late for some long-term good to come out of this mess. The UK has a great tradition of public provision of essential service. It is time we considered tapping into this tradition for banking too. The alternative is to continue with the unpalatable ‘heads the banks win, tails the taxpayer loses’ arrangement we have at present.
The model for a publicly owned bank has been right under our own noses for decades. The BBC is a thriving example of a publicly owned corporation that is largely free from political interference, is innovative,and is recognised globally for the quality of its products. Commercial broadcasters compete successfully with the BBC, but its provision of free, high-quality programming forces them to maintain standards and keep advertising content low.